turkiya Establishment of the Ottoman Empire Period

Establishment of the Ottoman Empire Period
Establishment came under Ottoman rule, Osman Bey, Oguz after basa alliance of tribes, the most prestigious and influential political and religious respects Anatolia tarikatlerinden marrying the daughter of Sheikh ahi with an important personage, the strength was increased. After that Osman Gazi, the Byzantines against the enlargement policy applying Inegol, Karacahisar and important centers of the region which had taken over and Bilecik Yarhisar'i taking here did principality (1299). This date is considered as the date of founding of the state. Seljuk Sultan III. Keykubad.Catching Ilkhanid ruler Ghazan Khan's forces kept by Aladdin, be taken to Iran and the region on some of the Seljuk Turkmen chieftains ümerasindan countenance showed Osman Bey, Oguz according an'anesine have accepted to recognize its sovereignty. Indeed, at a ceremony that was organized according to the etiquette of Oguz Han lords Oguz kneels in front of Osman Bey, who are given by him presented by drinking tâbiyetlerini. But as yet the case of a small principality Osmanogullarinin, although formally this period, the Ilkhanid rule known acquaintances. Osman Gazi, after having proclaimed principality in the areas under the administration of trusts and the wars these lands five THROTTLES utility by separating them was showing the good fortune to people. Sultanönü Orhan's son, big brother Bey Day Eskisehir, Aykut Alp In-önü'yü, Hasan Turgut Alp Alp Yarhisar'i and gave the Inegol. Aladdin and the other son of Sheikh nazirliginda sure the family's livelihood, the revenues allocated to Bilecik and havalisinin edildi.1302 'united under the leadership of the Greek tekfurlarinin Koyunhisar tekfurunun Bursa (Bafeon) Battle at taste a heavy defeat, Osman Bey in Bursa and Kocaeli taraflarina AKINLAR to set a rather easier. Under the Turkish siege of Bursa Iznik kept one hand on the other hand. However, due to old age, Osman Bey, the son Orhan He assigned to the conquests. In fact, he died in 1324 and his son Orhan Osman was enthroned.

Orhan, Bursa in 1326, after a long siege, conquered by fulfilling a wish of his father, Osman Gazi naasini transferred to Bursa and made the new center of government here. Karamürsel Akcakoca and the commanders of Orhan Bey were in raids along the coast of Istanbul. This is a great army of conquest and invasions hastened the beginning of the Byzantine Emperor Andranikos If it's been mobilized against the Ottomans in the Maltepe (Palekanon) War II took a heavy defeat (1329). This victory, enables seizure of Iznik and Izmit. Transition Rumelia; Karasi Orhan Bey, who benefited from the struggle for succession started emirates, Balikesir and the surrounding territory, taking a position is important for future conquests in Rumelia had to happen. Indeed, sea power and size Karasi Principality Il Bey, Bey Evrenos Ottomans no longer subordinate commanders, such as girmislerdir valuable. Fights against the attacks of the throne of the Byzantine and the Bulgarian-Serbian, upon request of an increasingly powerful Osmaogullarindan Kantakuzen'in wanting help Solomon his son Orhan Bey, an army was Rumelia (1345). Bulgarian-Serbian forces besieged Adrianople disrupts the Byzantine castle of Suleyman Pasha Çimpe took Gallipoli in exchange for this victory. Have achieved a base so that the Ottomans was the first time, Rumeli Bank (1356). Suleyman Pasha conquered regions of Gallipoli here then brought from Anatolia to Tekirdağ placed an Turkmen. Thus, the movement started Turkization in Rumelia. After the death of Suleiman Pasha Murat brother was appointed to the conquests in Rumelia (1359). Upon the death of his father Orhan Bey, however 1362'de Murat, turned, and the Ottomans 3rd Bursa ascended the throne as ruler (1362). Rumelia and the Balkans Conquests; I.Murat (Hüdavendigar) but is disposed of before the brothers started claiming the throne and in the meantime taken over Ankara's new hand occurring. Following the Murat Hüdavendigar unity throughout Anatolia, Thrace and the Balkans suffered inkitaya turned to conquest. Meanwhile karsiklik was in the Balkans. On the one hand between the Serbians and the internal struggles with the death of the Serbian ruler Düsan'in intensified, while the Hungarian king Layos, the Balkans, the imprints Ortadokslara increased. Il Bey and Haci Evrenos forces under the command of the situation to the advantage of the places that Dimetoka'ya Kesan'dan captured without much resistance. Sazlidere Edirne and Plovdiv with the victory, was conquered by Lala Sahin Pasa (1363/4). This is located next to the Bulgarian Byzantine wars had to make peace. Turks who want to stop the advance of the Hungarian, Bulgarian, Serbian and Hungarian King Layos'un Ulahlardan composed under the leadership of an army of crusaders marched through Edirne. However, the coast of Evros, called Serbian Sindigi mevkiide, the crowd was caught unprepared for the army of the crusaders force of 10 thousand people province Hadji Bey, managed to defeat a large (1364). Sindigi Serbian victory Ottomans in the Balkans, and it would facilitate his conquests gave speed in Edirne, was transferred to the Ottoman capital Bursa. Helpless in the face of the conquests had to accept the patronage of the Bulgarian Turks (1369). With the victory, then it (1372), a portion of Ottoman domination of Western Thrace and Macedonia in Thessaloniki with the input and in the aftermath of the Serbian King Lazar Köstendil'in, whether the tax, if necessary to send soldiers on condition that the Ottomans signed a peace agreement (1374). Nearly a decade-long struggle, conquered Thrace and the Balkans, Anatolia regions consistently shifted the Turkish population in the region began to change the demographic balance in favor of the Ottomans. Search for a while after this date given in the Balkans and Anatolia, the Turkish conquest to consolidate the unity of the regulations was adopted. I. For this purpose Murat, with his son Bayezid's daughter married her brain Germiyan; Tavsanli, Emet and Ottomans Simav as the bride's dowry was given. Aksehir Likewise, Yalvac, Beysehri Hamidogullari'ndan monetary consideration, such as some cities and towns were bought, the Ottoman rule had come Çandaroğulları. Now a single power in the face of the Ottomans had remained Karamanoğulları.

Aladdin, Ali Bey, the opportunity to head the Ottomans in the Balkans again, knowing that the past action, but I. Eaten in front of Konya Karaman Karamanogullarini Murat was forced to beg pardon of lord (1387)

Yönelmesiyle Rumelia Murat Hüdavendigâr again all Bulgaria, including the Nis Sofia conquered. (1385/88). Ugratilip Timurtas Pasha besieged by Serb forces, encouraged by the defeat of the Bulgarian, Polish, Czech and Hungarian kings themselves with the Serbs. But Çandarli Ali Pasha, the Bulgarian King of the Bulgarians captured Sisman'i did you miss this alliance. Nevertheless the advance army of crusaders sürdürünce, I. Murat of the army in Kosovo welcomed the enemy. I.Murat 's sons Bayezid and the Ottoman troops took part for Jacob won a great victory. Been captured Serbian King Lazar and his son, a big part of the enemy forces had been destroyed. (20 June 1389). But while visiting the battlefield I.Murat hançerlenerek has fallen by a Serbian. Then the Serbian king was killed by Ottoman soldiers. Seen as a way of surviving the death battle for the Ottomans in the Balkans by the Serbs never forgotten I.Kosova victory. This defeat of the Muslim community even today suffer an inferiority complex and feeling of revenge for the violence lies behind.

Providing Anatolia, the Turkish Union; I. Murat 'after being martyred son, Bayezid, was proclaimed ruler of the state alliance of scientists. With the death of his father who left by Ottoman principalities in Anatolia news of the Bayezid crossed action in order to recapture territory, quickly returned to Anatolia. Germiyan in 1390, Aydin, hinges and Saruhan principalities were abolished. The next year, which included Hamidogullari principalities principality lands were seized and an administrative unit was created under the name of the lands of Anatolia beylerbeyligi. Sees as the most important rival of the Ottomans towards Karaman emirates Then Bayezid I, besieged Konya. Aladdin, Ali Bey, demand peace, leaving the Ottomans and the surrounding area were considered Beysehir. (1391). But take the opportunity to take care of Mora Bayezid Pasha Ankara Image Image capture of Sari on Timurtas, Bayezid I, Alaeddin Bey decided to strike a definitive blow. Yildirim said Anatolia, which lasted for three days after the war, the Ottomans seized the land of lands, including Aladdin and the Bey was abolished (1397). Karamanoglu disposal of danger, resisting the Ottomans in Anatolia remained the most powerful state in the state was the Kadi Burhan. Than in 1392, Kadi Burhaneddin a sudden attack killed an ally of his principality Kastamonu branch status Candaroglu eliminated Solomon (1392). Then, next year, Amasya and Merzifon civari Ottoman rule had been received. On the murder in 1398 by Kara Yülük Burhaneddin Kadi, depending on her Sivas, Tokat, Kayseri, Malatya, such as cities were captured, one by one. Thus, the Anatolian lands west of the Euphrates was unified under Ottoman State.

Siege of Istanbul Bayezid and conquests in the Balkans. Joining the expedition, according to the agreement Karaman V.Yuannis Byzantine Emperor Bayezid's son Manuel, disregarding the agreement on the death of his father due to leakage happens Yildirim Istanbul, Istanbul decided to besiege. The first siege started in 1391 continued till 1396. Istanbul strait, Anadolu Fortress was built for this purpose. Difficulty of rationing of foreign aid under the city to avoid breaching their defenses and to reach targets up to the siege by Timur in Anatolia continued intermittently. While this siege while Yildirim, Bulgaria, Albania and Bosnia and sides of the continued movement of conquest. With the request of Byzantium against the Turks besieged the crusaders alliance forming a new Hungarian king Sigismund, including all European states gathered in England with an army of 120 thousand people took action. Plain enemy enemy Nicopolis, Bayezid quickly welcomed surprise. The Ottoman army of 50-60 thousand people, a large army of crusaders who defeated the vastly superior in number. Battlefield survivor, escaping the Danube drowned. (1396) not only an immense booty back to the Crusaders remained. This booty, Edirne and Bursa many mosques, madrasas, and hospices were built. After the victory, Wallachia, Bosnia, Hungary, and Mora was held on the expeditions. This victory increased twice as much as of Yildirim, the final steps necessary to establish the unity of Anatolia will start returning to Nicopolis.

Ankara War and Interregnum period: Bayezid I, Firat lands has expanded up to order their size, Timur and Iran, Azerbaijan and Iraq seized. Some sought refuge in Anatolia sovereign Timur, invaded the countries of the Celayirli Karakoyunlu Kara Yusuf Ahmed and the next to Bayezid had escaped. Thus, both states have been neighbors of each other, but this is due to playing on two sovereign leader of the Turkish business world has led to negative consequences. Timur, the Ottomans, shelter, and Kara Yusuf Ahmed Celayirli excuse not to be returned and handed over to him and despite being surrounded Sivas had destroyed Excellence (1400). After this incident, the correspondence continued between the two rulers. However, by Tamerlane, the return of the principalities in Anatolia, and some cities in the territories, such as self-out 'claims rejected by Yildirim. So for two conqueror of war had become inevitable. Timur's army of 160 thousand, 70 thousand people that meet Rod Plain Bayezid, had the upper hand in the beginning of the war. However, the former rulers who sided with some of the soldiers of Timur and the Black Tatars pure substitution has changed the fortunes of war, the Ottoman army down and translate. Bayezid had to resist running a handful of soldiers who were captured at the end (July 26, 1402). Tamerlane won the Battle of Ankara, the Anatolian was revived again, and so disintegrated Anatolian Turkish union. Stands in the progression of a person like the Turkish territory in the Balkans was lost. Yildirim, the struggles between the sons of the throne of the Ottoman Empire, "Interregnum Period" continued throughout the period of 12 years. If this war if there was unrealized, no power of resistance by the Turks at Bayezid Longer probably go down in Istanbul. So at least 50 years of the Ottomans in Ankara War götürmüstür.Esir falling back Bayezid, Timur's next city for seven months the city fell to death after they were turned from sorrow. Ottoman princes began to fight each other fiercely in order to have the throne. Mehmet Celebi This struggle continued until being dominated state administration alone (1413). Suleyman Celebi Mehmet, his siblings, after having disposed of Isa and Musa Çelebi effort was to re-establish the unity of the Anatolian Turks. Karamaogullarinin stronger influence, broke back to the Ottoman lands in the hands of Mehmet Bey took Karamanoglu. Çankırı Çandaroğulları clan, and then Canik (Samsun) region of the Ottoman territory and added it again. But Sehzade son Sheikh Mustafa Kadi and Simavna karistirmaktaydi Bedreddin riots the country. (1419) Murat Thrace and Manisa Sehzade occurring in this rebellion, the Sheikh and his men was executed Bedreddin. Takes with it the throne of Timur returned to Anatolia, Mustafa Çelebi also claimed rights. Prince Mustafa Salonica suppressed the rebellion started by it. Asi Sehzade Byzantium had to take refuge. Mehmet Celebi is dead quiet when the Ottoman territory began to be largely established (1421).

When the Prince, who is the largest contributor to his father the Byzantine throne by Murat Mustafa Celebi is pitted against his uncle once more suppressed the rebellion and to punish the siege of Byzantium (1422). This time, the small news of his brother Prince Mustafa Murat rebellion, punish your brother had to lift the siege. Located next to the rebels, Murat who mobilize against the principalities in Anatolia, took him under obedience to Candaroglu Isfendiyar. Junayd Bey eliminating Izmir, Izmir, Aydin and seized the area around Hinge. Yakub Bey, the son of Germiyanoglu olmadigindan, which was previously bequeathed lands? Leave the Ottomans. With his death the Ottomans became a part of the province of Germiyan (1428). The situation began to improve in favor of the Ottomans in the Balkans. Indeed, as it was back to the land arising obtained during the interregnum period, all the Serbian lands, except 1440'a Ottoman rule had come to Belgrade. However, the overlapping of some small defeats Eflâk'ta Erdel and Europe met with great joy, a new Crusade against the Ottomans also gave courage to be arranged. II. Murat, not to endanger the existence of the Ottoman Balkans and Hungary sign Treaty of Szeged (1444), and renounced the throne after this agreement. Youngest son, II. Hungarians who broke agreements to BE ruler Mehmet II and a new opportunity was created Crusader alliance. II. New army through the enemy Varna welcomed Murat War II. The Hungarian king was killed. Jan Hunyadi barely escaped leader of the state of the Crusaders (1444). Halil Pasha's insistence Çandarli II who ascended the throne a second time. Murat, a campaign against Mora and Albania. Jan Hunyadi who want to re-mobilize in Varna was revenging. However, II. Battle of Kosovo Serbs engaged in a major was defeated once more (1448). Varna and the status of Kosovo in the Balkans wars, the Ottomans strengthened thoroughly, completely eliminated the prospect of receiving aid from the West Byzantium. II. Murat II died at the age of 48. Mehmet again became the owner of Ottoman throne (1451), and a world full state of the Ottoman Empire during this period has become longer.